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                  <text>In May and June of 1912, two itinerant photographers arrived in Dubuque and began shooting the photographs that would become the Klauer Collection. For three weeks they traveled throughout the city with a large-format camera and a magnesium-powder flash lamp taking approximately 440 photographs of workers in factories, offices, shops, saloons and even the operating room at Mercy Hospital. We don't know the photographers' names, although they each posed as customers as needed, leaving us with several self-portraits. This type of workplace photography was not unusual in 1912 – itinerant photographers traveled the country photographing cities large and small. However, the fact that most of the glass negatives did survive together, intact for 100 years, is unusual. Itinerant photographers could not carry their solid glass plates with them and instead sold them to junk dealers who scraped the emulsion clean and resold them. Fortunately, the Dubuque photographers sold the plates to Peter Klauer, then President of Klauer Manufacturing Company, who stored them in one of his warehouses. In the 1970s, at least two sets of contact prints were made and in the 1980s, Peter’s grandson, William, donated a set of contact prints to the Center for Dubuque History. Later, 330 of the glass plates - all that remained - were also donated.</text>
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Gelatin silver prints&#13;
Itinerant Photographers</text>
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                <text>[Clay's Barber Shop]</text>
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                <text>This image is of a long, narrow room. Three barbers are standing behind their metal barber’s chairs, each of which is occupied by a man draped in a large, white cloth. Behind the chairs are porcelain sinks and wall-mounted shelves. On top of the shelves are various-sized glass bottles and shaving mugs.  Under this shelf are piles of towels. Wide mirrors are mounted from waist height to just above head height along each wall. The floor is of patterned, white tile. Along the wall opposite the barber chairs are wooden armchairs and two ornate hat and coat stands.  A male customer is seated in one of the wooden chairs. All of the barbers and customers are Caucasian. The barbers are wearing long-sleeved white coats over their shirts and ties. The barber with the mustache in the foreground is Lovell J. Clay, the owner of the barbershop. At the rear of the room is an African American man, dressed in a white, long-sleeved shirt, bow tie and slacks, and carrying a long-handled broom.  An open screen door is visible on the rear wall between two tall, narrow windows. Electric lights are mounted over the sinks and mirrors. Additional electric lights are hanging from a pressed tin ceiling. The number "118" has been written on the emulsion side of the negative and is visible in the upper right corner of the picture. The number "1" is written in the upper left corner.</text>
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Dubuque (Iowa) -- Pictorial works&#13;
William J. Klauer Collection. City at Work Project&#13;
Glass negatives&#13;
Itinerant photographers</text>
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                <text>According to The Encyclopedia Dubuque (www.encyclopediadubuque.org), Mr. Clay advertised as “The Up-to-Date-Barber, Opp. B&amp;I building, 926 Main St.”&#13;
&#13;
Lovell J. Clay's barbershop is listed at 162 9th Street in the 1912 Dubuque City Directory.  Later directories list the 926 Main Street address.&#13;
&#13;
This image was displayed in the “City at Work” exhibit at the Dubuque Museum of Art, December 7, 2013 – March 24, 2014. </text>
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                <text>Contact The Center for Dubuque History at Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001 or call (563) 588-7100 © 2013 LORAS COLLEGE</text>
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                <text>This record is part of the William J. Klauer Collection held by The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa. </text>
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Glass negatives&#13;
Gelatin silver prints&#13;
Itinerant Photographers</text>
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                <text>[Adams Company]</text>
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                <text>Twelve male workers and one male supervisor are shown standing among wooden molds and other equipment used in a foundry. The workers are dressed in work pants or overalls, suspenders and long sleeved shirts rolled up to the elbow. Most of the men are wearing hats. The supervisor is dressed in slacks, vest, white shirt and bowler hat. Two of the men are holding long iron levers. Some molds in the foreground of the image are filled with sand. Others are empty and stacked on the dirt floor, or are hanging from a long pole which extends across the work space. Various pokers and a shovel are hanging on support posts, and a small wooden bucket and hand-operated bellows are also visible. A large metal hoist with chains hanging from one of the pulleys, frames the foreground of the image. No number has been written on the emulsion side of the negative in the upper right corner of the picture. The number “4” is written in the upper left corner.</text>
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Dubuque (Iowa) -- Pictorial works&#13;
William J. Klauer Collection. City at Work Project&#13;
Glass negatives&#13;
Itinerant photographers</text>
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                <text>According to the Encyclopedia Dubuque (www.encyclopediadubuque.org), the foundry department of the Adams Company made a specialty of machine castings. This Dubuque foundry shop was the former manufacturer of Adams-Farwell automobiles. Between 1898 and 1907, the company, with the expert assistance of Fay Oliver Farwell superintendent and engineer, manufactured fifty-two Adams-Farwell automobiles, of which only one is still known to exist. The company continued to specialize in gear cutting, and early in the twentieth century developed and perfected an air-cooled rotary engine that proved crucial to the aircraft industry. The Adams-Farwell rotary engine was being manufactured for use in automobiles by 1901. The engine was extremely light and was ideal for vertical flight. Designed and built by the Adams Company in 1907, this engine powered three, man-lifting experimental helicopters that were flown in 1909 and 1910. Adams-Farwell engines powered fixed-wing aircraft in the United States after 1910.&#13;
&#13;
This image was displayed in the “City at Work” exhibit at the Dubuque Museum of Art, December 7, 2013 – March 24, 2014. </text>
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                <text>Contact The Center for Dubuque History at Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001 or call (563) 588-7100 © 2013 LORAS COLLEGE</text>
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Glass negatives&#13;
Gelatin silver prints&#13;
Itinerant Photographers</text>
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                <text>[Tavern, Mr. Bistram, bartender]</text>
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                <text>A bartender, dressed in a long-sleeved white shirt, dark vest, tie, and with a white apron wrapped around his waist, is standing behind a long bar, and in front of another counter. On the floor in front of the bar is a spittoon, and to the left of the counter is a glass display case of cigars, including John Morton, Marguerite, New York Special, Aroma, New Brunswick, Smokey Club, Old Fireside, Tom Keene, and others. The mirror behind the rear counter reflects the image of much of the room in front of the bartender. A customer is seen smoking a pipe. Various baskets, boxes and a fan sitting in an open window are also visible in the reflection. A large, glass-enclosed cabinet holding numerous bottles of liquor is standing near the rear of the bar. Hanging between the cabinet and the bar mirror are several photographs, including one of a sunken riverboat. A moose head with a plaque reading "Order of the Moose," is hanging from a column of the mirror frame. A cash register registering a five-cent sale is also visible. On either side of the register are posters for a riverboat excursion to take place on June 19. A document, possibly a liquor license, for the “Union Bar” hangs from the top of the mirror. Lights hang from the top of the mirror frame, including an advertising  light promoting “Banquet in Bottles.” The number “321” has been written on the emulsion side of the negative and is visible in the upper right corner of the picture. The number “1” is written in the upper left corner.</text>
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                <text>1912-05/06</text>
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                <text>506 Main Street, Dubuque, Iowa</text>
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                <text>Bars&#13;
Bartenders&#13;
Dubuque (Iowa) -- Pictorial works&#13;
William J. Klauer Collection. City at Work Project&#13;
Glass negatives&#13;
Itinerant photographers</text>
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                <text>Although there appears to be a liquor license for the Union Bar visible in this image, the bartender has been identified as “Mr. Bistram.”  The 1912 Dubuque City Directory lists August Bistram, Junior, and Benjamin B. Bistram as the owners of Bistram Brothers Buffet and Saloon, 506 Main Street in Dubuque. The ”Banquet in Bottles” advertising light refers to beer brewed at the Dubuque Brewing and Malting Company, 32nd and Jackson Street, in Dubuque.&#13;
&#13;
This image was displayed in the “City at Work” exhibit at the Dubuque Museum of Art, December 7, 2013 – March 24, 2014. </text>
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                <text>The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001</text>
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                <text>William J. Klauer Collection</text>
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                <text>Still image</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="132602">
                <text>KL 247-013</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="132603">
                <text>Digital image captured using a Microtek ScanMaker 8700 with transparent media adapter. TIFF file created from a glass plate negative scanned in 16 - bit grey scale at 1200 ppi. </text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="132604">
                <text>Contact The Center for Dubuque History at Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001 or call (563) 588-7100 © 2013 LORAS COLLEGE</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="132605">
                <text>This record is part of the William J. Klauer Collection held by The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa.</text>
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                  <text>In May and June of 1912, two itinerant photographers arrived in Dubuque and began shooting the photographs that would become the Klauer Collection. For three weeks they traveled throughout the city with a large-format camera and a magnesium-powder flash lamp taking approximately 440 photographs of workers in factories, offices, shops, saloons and even the operating room at Mercy Hospital. We don't know the photographers' names, although they each posed as customers as needed, leaving us with several self-portraits. This type of workplace photography was not unusual in 1912 – itinerant photographers traveled the country photographing cities large and small. However, the fact that most of the glass negatives did survive together, intact for 100 years, is unusual. Itinerant photographers could not carry their solid glass plates with them and instead sold them to junk dealers who scraped the emulsion clean and resold them. Fortunately, the Dubuque photographers sold the plates to Peter Klauer, then President of Klauer Manufacturing Company, who stored them in one of his warehouses. In the 1970s, at least two sets of contact prints were made and in the 1980s, Peter’s grandson, William, donated a set of contact prints to the Center for Dubuque History. Later, 330 of the glass plates - all that remained - were also donated.</text>
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                  <text>Dubuque (Iowa) -- Pictorial Works&#13;
Glass negatives&#13;
Gelatin silver prints&#13;
Itinerant Photographers</text>
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              <text>6.5 x 8.5 in.</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>[Banner Dairy Lunch]</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>A long, light colored, marble counter dominates this image. On one end may be seen a large selection of desserts including cake slices, pies, and the feature of the day, for ten cents  - “Strawberry Shortcake with Whipped Cream,” and “served in a bowl with extra cream.”  Next to the desserts are two large serving bowls and plates with rolls, bread slices and donuts. Additional desserts are visible at the far end of the counter. In the center of the counter is a cash register, registering a twenty-five cent sale. Two signs advertising “Combination Salad” for ten cents are on either side of the cash register. Three men, all dressed in white coats, shirts and ties, are standing behind the counter near the cash register. Five large silver urns for dispensing liquids are behind the men. Over the urns is a hood with a sign that reads “To avoid mistakes please pay when served.” Over the hood is a “Please Don’t Smoke” sign. On either side of the hood are menu boards which advertise selections such as “Hot Egg Sandwich,” “Baked Beans” or “Buttermilk” for five cents each. Other selections include “Hot Chicken Pie,” Cream of Tomato Soup,” “Roast Beef Sandwich” or “Irish Stew” for  ten cents each, and “Roast Beef, Mashed Potatoes” for fifteen cents. A large, electric chandelier hangs from the white, pressed tin ceiling. The floor is tile, in a circular pattern. The number “251” has been written on the emulsion side of the negative and is visible in the upper right corner of the picture. The number “3” is written in the upper left corner.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>1912-05/06</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>449 Main Street, Dubuque, Iowa</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="132613">
                <text>Restaurants&#13;
Restaurant workers&#13;
Dubuque (Iowa) -- Pictorial works&#13;
William J. Klauer Collection. City at Work Project&#13;
Glass negatives&#13;
Itinerant photographers</text>
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            <name>References</name>
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                <text>According to the Encyclopedia Dubuque (www.encyclopediadubuque.org), The Banner Dairy Lunch offered a “Quick Clean Lunch at all hours.”&#13;
&#13;
This image was displayed in the “City at Work” exhibit at the Dubuque Museum of Art, December 7, 2013 – March 24, 2014. &#13;
</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001</text>
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                <text>William J. Klauer Collection</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Still image</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>KL 217-006</text>
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                <text>Digital image captured using a Microtek ScanMaker 8700 with transparent media adapter. TIFF file created from a glass plate negative scanned in 16 - bit grey scale at 1200 ppi. </text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Contact The Center for Dubuque History at Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001 or call (563) 588-7100 © 2013 LORAS COLLEGE</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="132621">
                <text>This record is part of the William J. Klauer Collection held by The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa. </text>
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Glass negatives&#13;
Gelatin silver prints&#13;
Itinerant Photographers</text>
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          <name>Original Format</name>
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                <text>[Tavern]</text>
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                <text>Photographer unknown</text>
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                <text>Three men, one of whom is holding a cigar, are standing at a bar, drinking glasses of beer. They are dressed in suits and bowler hats.  The bartender, dressed in a long-sleeved white shirt, tie and apron, is standing behind the bar and in front of a large mirror and counter. Leaning against the counter is another man, dressed in dark shirt, slacks, suspenders and worn fedora. Hanging on the wall opposite the bar are two deer heads and the skull of another animal, possibly a buffalo, while above the mirror may be seen horns mounted on a wooden plaque, and a stuffed bird, possibly a hawk or young eagle,  in flight. Additional stuffed birds and skulls can be seen at the back of the room and two more stuffed birds are partially visible on the far right.  Newspapers are visible on the top of a glass display case full of cigar boxes. Electric lights in ornate glass shades hang from the pressed tin ceiling. Also visible are a coal stove at the end of the room, and spittoons on the floor in front of the bar. The number “405” has been written on the emulsion side of the negative and is visible in the upper right corner of the picture. The number “3” is written in the upper left corner.</text>
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                <text>Bars&#13;
Bartenders&#13;
Dubuque (Iowa) -- Pictorial works&#13;
William J. Klauer Collection. City at Work Project&#13;
Glass negatives&#13;
Itinerant photographers</text>
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                <text>This image was displayed in the “City at Work” exhibit at the Dubuque Museum of Art, December 7, 2013 – March 24, 2014. </text>
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Glass negatives&#13;
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Dubuque (Iowa) -- Pictorial works&#13;
William J. Klauer Collection. City at Work Project&#13;
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Glass negatives&#13;
Gelatin silver prints&#13;
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Dubuque (Iowa) -- Pictorial works&#13;
William J. Klauer Collection. City at Work Project&#13;
Glass negatives&#13;
Itinerant photographers</text>
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Glass negatives&#13;
Gelatin silver prints&#13;
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Itinerant photographers</text>
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&#13;
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                <text>Digital image captured using a Microtek ScanMaker 8700 with transparent media adapter. TIFF file created from a glass plate negative scanned in 16 - bit grey scale at 1200 ppi. </text>
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                <text>Contact The Center for Dubuque History at Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001 or call (563) 588-7100 © 2013 LORAS COLLEGE</text>
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                <text>This record is part of the William J. Klauer Collection held by The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa. </text>
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Glass negatives&#13;
Gelatin silver prints&#13;
Itinerant Photographers</text>
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                <text>[Klauer Manufacturing employees in front of corrugated metal roofing machine]</text>
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                <text>Two men dressed in overalls, long sleeved shirts and caps, are standing in front of a large machine. A flat piece of metal appears to have just been pressed into a large, corrugated sheet. Numbers in white paint or chalk are visible on various parts of the machine which was manufactured by “J. M. Robinson Cincinnati O.”   Electrical cables powering the machine, as well as a long belt drive and gears, are visible behind one of the men. A large stack of the corrugated metal sheets is visible in front of the men. The building is partially open to the weather and appears to have been constructed of the same corrugated metal that is being manufactured in this image. </text>
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                <text>Corner 9th and Washington Streets, Dubuque, Iowa</text>
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                <text>Factories&#13;
Warehouses&#13;
Sheetmetal&#13;
Dubuque (Iowa) –- Pictorial works&#13;
William J. Klauer Collection. City at Work Project&#13;
Gelatin silver prints&#13;
Itinerant photographers</text>
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                <text>The Encyclopedia Dubuque (www.encyclopediadubuque.org) indicates that in 1896, Klauer Manufacturing began making metal rain-carrying equipment including eave trough and rain pipe. By 1906 the company began the production of metal roofing and siding, conductor pipe, and eaves and by 1911 the company was supplying metal flume to some of the largest irrigation projects in the nation. The company added such products as metal fireproof window frames and sash, roof ornaments, skylights, steel ceilings, solder, asbestos paper and roof cement. At that time, the company was  the world's largest manufacturer of conductor pipe.&#13;
&#13;
This image was displayed in the “City at Work” exhibit at the Dubuque Museum of Art, December 7, 2013 – March 24, 2014.&#13;
&#13;
The original glass plate negative was lost. A gelatin silver print created in the 1970s remains.</text>
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                <text>The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001</text>
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                <text>William J. Klauer Collection</text>
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                <text>KL 484-490</text>
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                <text>Digital image captured using a Microtek ScanMaker 8700 with transparent media adapter. TIFF file created from a gelatin silver print scanned in 16 - bit grey scale at 1200 ppi. </text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Contact The Center for Dubuque History at Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001 or call (563) 588-7100 © 2013 LORAS COLLEGE</text>
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                <text>This record is part of the William J. Klauer Collection held by The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa. </text>
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                  <text>In May and June of 1912, two itinerant photographers arrived in Dubuque and began shooting the photographs that would become the Klauer Collection. For three weeks they traveled throughout the city with a large-format camera and a magnesium-powder flash lamp taking approximately 440 photographs of workers in factories, offices, shops, saloons and even the operating room at Mercy Hospital. We don't know the photographers' names, although they each posed as customers as needed, leaving us with several self-portraits. This type of workplace photography was not unusual in 1912 – itinerant photographers traveled the country photographing cities large and small. However, the fact that most of the glass negatives did survive together, intact for 100 years, is unusual. Itinerant photographers could not carry their solid glass plates with them and instead sold them to junk dealers who scraped the emulsion clean and resold them. Fortunately, the Dubuque photographers sold the plates to Peter Klauer, then President of Klauer Manufacturing Company, who stored them in one of his warehouses. In the 1970s, at least two sets of contact prints were made and in the 1980s, Peter’s grandson, William, donated a set of contact prints to the Center for Dubuque History. Later, 330 of the glass plates - all that remained - were also donated.</text>
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Glass negatives&#13;
Gelatin silver prints&#13;
Itinerant Photographers</text>
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                <text>[Tobacco store]</text>
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                <text>Two men are standing behind counters in a tobacco store. The older man is dressed in a suit, while the younger man is wearing a long-sleeved white shirt with sleeves rolled up to the elbows. Various brands of cigars, including “Prime Minister,” “Roundup,” “Tom Keene,” and “Buelow,” are visible in the counter’s glass display case. Below the cigars are a large selection of pipes, tobacco pouches and additional cigars.  Behind the older man may be seen numerous tin cans and wrapped packages of tobacco.  What appears to be the top of a calendar advertising "M. J. McCullough Insurance" is pinned to the wall to the right of the older man. Next to the younger man is a cash register and an ornate stained-glass partition is visible behind him. Hanging from the ornate partition wall is a sign for “Chew Sen Sen Gum” and another that reads “Ice Cold Soft Drinks” and “We sell Crown-Fer-Lac, Superior in Buttermilk, Crown Dairy Company.” A clock may be seen above the partition. A small lamp with a glass shade is on the counter next to the cash register and another light is hanging from the ceiling.  The number “9” has been written on the emulsion side of the negative and is visible in the upper right corner of the picture. The number “2” is written in the upper left corner.</text>
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Tobacco shops&#13;
Tobacco products&#13;
Cigars&#13;
Dubuque (Iowa) -- Pictorial works&#13;
William J. Klauer Collection&#13;
Glass negatives&#13;
Itinerant photographers</text>
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                <text>The 1912 Dubuque City Directory lists two tobacco manufactures and stores: The D.C. Glasser Tobacco Company at 402 Main Street, and Meyers Cox &amp; Company at 409-419 Iowa Street. &#13;
&#13;
The Crown Dairy Company was a local Dubuque dairy that sold pasteurized milk and cream, and ice cream. The Dairy was located at 278 7th Street.</text>
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                <text>Contact The Center for Dubuque History at Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001 or call (563) 588-7100 © 2013 LORAS COLLEGE</text>
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                <text>This record is part of the William J. Klauer Collection held by The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa.</text>
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